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Online Risk to Children - Impact, Protection and Prevention
von: Jon Brown
Wiley-Blackwell, 2017
ISBN: 9781118977569 , 264 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 40,99 EUR
Cover
1
Title Page
5
Copyright
6
Contents
9
Foreword
13
About the Contributors
15
Acknowledgements
19
Introduction
21
References
23
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Child Safety Online: Child Abuse Images on the Internet
25
Unintended, Unforeseen and Unwanted Consequences
25
Sexual Images of Children
26
The World Wide Web Explosion
27
Affordability, Accessibility and Anonymity – the Three As – Provide the Spur
28
The Number of Arrests and Police Operations Start to Climb
29
The Emergence of Hotlines
30
The Birth of the Internet Watch Foundation
32
Not a Very Promising Start
35
The Terrain Shifts and URL Blocking Emerges
36
Technology Comes to the Rescue of a Problem Technology Helped to Create
38
The Role of Search Engines
39
The Unanswered Questions about Technical Solutions
39
Notes
40
Chapter 2: Children’s and Young People’s Lives Online
43
Trends in Children’s Internet use
44
Parental Responses and Responsibilities
45
Digital Skills as Mediators—Why is it Hard to get this Right?
47
The Emerging Balance of Opportunities and Risks
48
Evidence?Based Implications for Policy and Practice
50
The Idea of Internet Access as a Right
50
Addressing the Participation Gap
51
Beyond Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants
51
Getting Online Risk in Perspective
51
Risk is (only) the Probability of harm
52
Risks and Opportunities go Hand in Hand
52
Conclusion
52
References
53
Notes
56
Chapter 3: Cyberbullying and Peer?Oriented Online Abuse
57
Perspectives on Online Child Protection from Parents
59
Policy Responses and ‘Prevention’ Mechanisms
61
Growing up in the Online World
63
The ‘Culture’ of Sexting
67
Wider Influences
71
Addressing Peer Abuse
72
References
74
Note
74
Chapter 4: Offender Behaviour
75
The Impact of the Online Environment
76
Offending Online
77
Viewing Child Sexual Abuse Material
77
Collecting Child Abuse Material
79
Disseminating Child Abuse Material
80
Grooming Children with the Purpose of Inciting them to Engage in Sexual Acts Online
81
Grooming Children with the Purpose of Meeting Offline for Contact Sexual Abuse
83
Networking with Others who are Sexually Interested in Children
83
Participation in Live Streaming of Child Sexual Abuse Online
84
Comparison with Offline Offenders
85
Gaps in Our Knowledge
87
Conclusion
87
References
88
Chapter 5: Treatment of Online Offenders: Current Best Practice and Next Steps
93
Online Sex Offenders: Characteristics and Comparisons with Contact Offenders
94
Typology of Online Offenders
97
Theories of Online Offending
99
Intervention Best Practices with Online Sex Offenders
101
Principles of Correctional Rehabilitation
102
Internet Sex Offender Treatment Programme (I-Sotp)
107
Inform Plus Programme and Self-Help Resources
109
Conclusion
110
References
111
Chapter 6: The Impact of Online Sexual Abuse on Children and Young People
117
Overview of Online Sexual Abuse
118
The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse
122
Characteristics of CSA That Affect Impact
124
Social Contextual Factors That Affect Impact
124
Familial Support
124
Interactions with the Criminal Justice System
125
Social and Psychological Processes Following Abuse
126
Complexities to Online Sexual Abuse
126
Existence and Making of Images
126
Deception in the Images
128
Victim Participation
128
Permanence of Images
129
Reach of Images
129
Nature of Viewing and Viewers
130
Deceit About the Abuser(S)
130
Salient Factors Underpinning Impact
131
Silence and the Continuation of Abuse
131
Disclosure
132
Shame
133
Self-Blame and Denigration
134
Betrayal
135
Fear and Anxiety
136
Promoting Resilience, Reducing Impact, Fostering Recovery
136
Helping Children Disclose
136
Support Following Revelations of Online Abuse
137
Research Directions
137
Conclusion
137
References
138
Notes
141
Chapter 7: Promising Therapeutic Approaches for Children, Young People and their Families Following Online Sexual Abuse
143
Effective and Promising Treatment Approaches for Problems in Childhood Arising from Sexual Abuse
144
Key Targets for Change in Therapy
147
Negative Beliefs
147
Shame
148
A Sense of Ongoing Trauma and Related Feelings
148
Family Factors
149
Self-Objectification and Body Esteem
149
Promising Methods of Fulfilling Key (Overlapping) Therapeutic Aims
150
Assessment and Formulation
150
Engagement and Building a Strong Therapeutic Relationship
151
Developing Positive Body Esteem and Sexuality
153
Reducing the Impact of Abuse Images Circulating and the Threat of This
153
Overcoming Shame and Self?Blame; Building Pride and Mastery
155
Facilitating Support from Families
156
Conclusion
157
References
157
Notes
162
Chapter 8: Preventing Child Sexual Abuse Online
163
Organising Prevention Strategies
164
Prevention Strategies
166
Primary Prevention
166
Potential Offenders: Increasing Perceived Risk
166
Potential Victims: Increasing Online Safety
168
Settings: Reducing Availability
169
Secondary Prevention
170
Potential Offenders: Warning Messages
170
Potential Victims: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Risky Behaviours
171
Settings: Blocking Online Transactions
173
Tertiary Prevention
174
Offenders: Preventing Re-Offending
174
Victims: Preventing Re-Victimisation
176
Settings: Gathering Intelligence
176
Conclusion
178
References
179
Notes
182
Chapter 9: Promoting Child Protection Principles in Complex Abuse Investigation Involving Online Offending
183
Definitions
184
Key Principles for Operational Activity
185
Incorporating Child Protection Principles into Operational Planning
186
Principles of Working
186
Capacity and Capability Building
190
Operational Examples
191
Case Study A
191
Case Study B
192
Annex 1
193
Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse
193
Notes
195
Chapter 10: Staying Safe Online
197
Technology is Changing the Rules – or is It?
197
Embracing Opportunities
198
Industry’s Responsibility
200
Industry Action
201
Resources
201
Products and Services
202
Expertise
205
The Future Challenge
206
Notes
206
Chapter 11: UK Policy Responses and Their International Relevance
209
Definitions and Terminology
210
Legislation
210
Child Abuse Images
210
Self-Generated Images
211
Sexual Grooming
212
European Legislation
212
Removal of Child Abuse Content
213
The IWF’s International Work
214
Public Perception
215
Multi?Agency Approaches
215
Internet Crime Forum
215
Home Office Taskforce on Child Protection on the Internet
216
Byron Review
216
UK Council for Child Internet Safety
217
The Role of NGOs
217
Policing Response
218
Operations Cathedral and Ore
218
National Policing: CEOP
218
A Review of the Protection of Children From Sex Offenders 2007
219
Local Policing
219
Ceop and International Policing
220
European Cybercrime Centre
220
Global Alliance Against Child Sexual Abuse Online
221
International Certificate for the Protection of Children
221
Offenders
222
Identification
222
Prosecution
222
Sentencing
223
Risk Assessment
223
Treatment
223
Management
224
Victims
225
Recent Developments
226
Conclusion
230
Notes
231
Chapter 12: The Role of Schools in Children’s Online Safety
237
Online Technologies and Education
238
The Blurring of Boundaries
239
E?Safety and Moral Panics
242
Integrating Online Technologies
243
Twitter in the Primary Classroom
243
Class Blogs
245
Implications
247
Conclusion
248
References
248
Epilogue
251
Index
255
EULA
265
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