Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications - Proceedings of ICMEET 2017

Preface

Organizing Committee

Chief Patrons

Patrons

Program Coordinator

Special Session Chairs

Conveners

Co-Conveners

Proceedings Committee

Technical Program Committee

Organizing Committee

Publicity Committee

Finance Committee

Hospitality Committee

Transportation Committee

International And National Advisory Committee

Panel of Reviewers

Contents

About the Editors

1 A DCT-CS Watermarking Method for Monochrome and Color Image

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Compressive Sampling

2.1 OMP (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit)

3 Proposed Method

3.1 Watermark Embedding

3.2 Watermark Extraction

4 Performance Measures and Results

5 Conclusion

References

2 Intelligent Counter System for Generating Attendance

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Related Works

3 Proposed System Overview

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Transmitter

3.3 Receiver

4 Proposed System Execution

4.1 Interfacing RFID with Arduino

4.2 Interfacing Biometric with Arduino

4.3 Integrating RFID and Biometric

4.4 Transmission of Data

4.5 Display of the Database

5 Conclusion and Future Work

References

3 High-Throughput VLSI Architectures for CRC-16 Computation in VLSI Signal Processing

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Analysis of Serial Architectures of CRC-16

2.1 CRC-16 Serial Architecture

3 Analysis of CRC-16 Parallel Architectures

3.1 CRC-16 Single-Level Parallel Architecture After Proposed Formulation

3.2 CRC-16 Two-Level Parallel Architecture After Proposed Formulation

3.3 CRC-16 Three-Level Parallel Architecture After Proposed Formulation

4 Simulation Results and Discussions

4.1 CRC-16 Serial Architecture

4.2 CRC-16 Single-Level Architecture After Proposed Formulation

4.3 CRC-16 Two-Level Architecture After Proposed Formulation

4.4 CRC-16 Three-Level Architecture After Proposed Formulation

5 Conclusion

References

4 Etch Time Optimization in Bulk Silicon MEMS Devices Using a Novel Compensation Structure

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 An Overview of Undercut Structures

3 Analysis of Corner Undercutting

4 Typical Corner Compensation Structures

5 Results and Discussions

6 Conclusions

References

5 Eye Monitoring Based Motion Controlled Wheelchair for Quadriplegics

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Literature Survey

3 Block Diagram

4 Methodology

4.1 Viola–Jones Algorithm

4.2 Morphological Operations

4.3 Direction Estimation and Control

5 Results

6 Conclusion

References

6 Design and Analysis of Spherical Inverted-F Antenna Cavity Model

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Simulated Model of SIFA

3 SIFA Cavity Model

3.1 Boundary Conditions for SIFA Cavity

3.2 Custom Curvilinear Coordinate System

3.3 Fields for Cavity Model

3.4 Slot Radiation

3.5 Probe Model and the Effective Loss

3.6 Input Impedance

4 Results

5 Conclusion

References

7 Performance of Ternary Sequences Using Adaptive Filter

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Sequence Generation

3 Adaptive Filtering Technique

3.1 LMS Algorithm

3.2 MSE Behavior

4 Simulation Results

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

8 Effects of Square- and Rectangular-Shaped Slots Kept Over the Microstrip Antenna

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Basic Microstrip Design

3 Slot-Loaded Microstrip

4 Dual-Band Behavior with Rectangular Slot

5 Conclusion

References

9 Quality Monitoring of Water Through Electromagnetic Sensor

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Modelling and Simulation of Sensor

3 Conclusion and Future work

10 Design and Implementation of Low-Power Memory-Less Crosstalk Avoidance Codes Using Bit-Stuffing Algorithms

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Channels for FTP

3 Sequential Bit-Stuffing Algorithms

4 Parallel Bit-Stuffing Algorithms

5 Implementation and Simulation Results

6 Conclusion

180-nm 20 ps Resolution 0.29 LSB Single-Shot Precision Vernier Delay Line Based Time-to-Digital Converter

1 Introduction

2 TDC Architecture Description

3 Modified True Single-Phase Clock-Based D Flip-Flop

4 Delay Lines

5 Performance Analysis

6 Conclusion

References

12 Low-Cost Portable Gas Pollutants Detection System for People with Olfactory Impairment

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Gas Pollutants Detection System

2.1 Sensors Array

3 Hardware Implementation

3.1 Flow Chart

4 Results

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

13 Seismic Signal Processing by Using Root-MUSIC Algorithm

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Frequency Estimation

3 Root-MUSIC Algorithm

4 Mathematical Modeling

5 Simulation and Results

6 Conclusion

References

14 Low-Power and Area-Efficient FIR Filter Implementation Using CSLA with BEC

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Basic Structure of BEC Logic

3 Area Estimation of CSLA Using BEC

4 Results and Discussion

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

15 Design and FPGA Implementation of TPFT-Based Channelization for SDR Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Software-Defined Radio (SDR)

1.2 Channelization

1.3 Overview of Existing Channelization Techniques

2 Tuneable Pipelined Frequency Transform (TPFT)-Based Channelization

3 Simulation Results

4 Conclusions

References

16 Frequency Estimation Using Minimum Norm Algorithm on Seismic Data

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Seismology

1.2 Seismology in Signal Processing

1.3 Minimum Norm Frequency Estimation

1.4 Autocorrelation Matrix

2 Mathematical Modelling

3 Simulation and Results

4 Conclusion

References

17 Processing of Seismic Signal Using Minimum Variance Algorithm

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Seismic Signal Processing

1.2 Minimum Variance

2 Mathematical Modeling

3 Simulation and Results

4 Conclusion

References

18 IoT-Based Patient Health Monitoring System

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed System

3 Components

3.1 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor

3.2 Heartbeat Sensor

3.3 Arduino Uno

3.4 ESP8266 Module

3.5 LCD Module

4 Software Description

5 Results

6 Conclusion and Future Work

References

19 A Synoptic Review on Dielectric Resonator Antennas

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Literature Survey

3 Comparison of Characteristics of MSA and DRA

4 Types of DRA

5 DRAs for Broad Banding

5.1 Mono DRA

5.2 Multi-DRA

6 Resonant Modes of DRA

7 Field Excitation Techniques

7.1 Coaxial Probe Feed

7.2 Microstrip Line Feed

7.3 Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Feed

7.4 Coplanar Waveguide

7.5 Dielectric-Image Guide

8 Isolation Improvement Techniques

8.1 Decoupling Networks

8.2 Parasitic Elements

8.3 Defected Ground Structures

8.4 Neutralization Lines

8.5 Metamaterials

9 Applications

10 Recent Advancements

11 Conclusion

References

20 DC Electric Field Analysis of Nomex, Kraft Paper, and PPLP Insulation Arrangement in Liquid Nitrogen by Using COMSOL Multiphysics

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Simulation Model

3 Simulation Result of the Ramp Voltage

4 Step Voltage Simulation Result

5 Conclusion

References

Power and Area Efficient Opamp for Biomedical Applications Using 20 nm-TFET

1 Introduction

2 Universal Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (Uni-TFET)

2.1 Small-Signal Model

3 Proposed Two-Stage Opamp

4 Conclusion

References

22 Design of Ultralow Voltage-Hybrid Full Adder Circuit Using GLBB Scheme for Energy-Efficient Arithmetic Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Hybrid Design

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusions

References

23 Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control for Type I Diabetes Patients Using PID Controller

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Insulin—Glucose System Model

2.1 Transfer Function

3 PID Controller

3.1 PID Controller Theory

3.2 Simulation

4 Result

5 Conclusion

References

24 FPGA-Based Implementation of AES Algorithm Using MIX Column

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Background Methodology

3 Simulation Output

4 Conclusion

References

25 Impact of High Geomagnetic Activity on Global Positioning System Satellite Signal (L-Band) Delay and Klobuchar Algorithm Performance Over Low Latitudinal Region

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Data Analysis

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

26 Scalable Recursive Convolution Algorithm for the Development of Parallel FIR Filter Architectures

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Parallel FIR Filter

3 Scalable Recursive Convolution Algorithm (SRCA)

3.1 Two Parallel SRCA (2PSRCA)

3.2 Three Parallel SRCA (3PSRCA)

4 Results and Discussions

5 Conclusion

References

27 IoT-Based Green Environment for Smart Cities

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Related Work

2 System Architecture

2.1 GSM Modem

2.2 AT Commands

2.3 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor

2.5 MQ3 Gas Sensor

2.6 Buzzer

2.7 WiFi Module

2.8 Arduino Pro Mini

2.9 RF Module

3 Architecture and Software Design of Smart Container

3.1 Arduino IDE

4 Results

5 Conclusion

References

28 Design of a Robust Estimator for Submarine Tracking in Complex Environments

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Integration Technique

3 Preprocessing Technique

4 Robust Estimator Design

5 Modeling of the Issue in Mathematical Form

5.1 Modeling of Submarine Trajectory

5.2 Modeling of Corrupted Bearings

5.3 Comparison Metrics

5.3.1 RMS Error (M)

5.3.2 Missile Firing Time (S)

6 Results Obtained from Simulation

6.1 Tracking Environment Simulation

6.2 Performance of Robust Estimator in Different Target Trajectories

6.3 Performance of Robust Estimator for Different Submarine Ranges

6.4 Performance of Robust Estimator for Different Sensor Noise Levels

7 Conclusions

References

29 Geometry Scaling Impact on Leakage Currents in FinFET Standard Cells Based on a Logic-Level Leakage Estimation Technique

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Logic-Level Leakage Estimation Model

3 Model Accuracy Verification and Separate Estimation of Major Leakage Components

4 Multi-stage Complex Cells

5 Conclusion

References

30 Blind Recognition of Error-Correcting BCH Codes Using GFFT

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Galois Field Fourier Transform

3 Proposed Method

3.1 GFFT Calculation on Binary Symmetric Channel

3.2 Analytical Expression of the Optimal Threshold

4 Simulation Results

5 Conclusion

References

31 Simultaneous Power Quality Disturbances Analysis Using Modified S-Transform and Evolutionary Approach

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Modified S-Transform

3 Time–Frequency Analysis Using Modified S-Transform

4 Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

5 Differential Evolution (DE)

6 Results and Discussion

7 Conclusions

References

32 Efficient Integration of Zoom ADC with Temperature Sensors for System on Chip Applications—A Perspective

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Analog-to-Digital Conversion

1.2 Zoom ADC

1.3 Architecture Model

1.4 Linearity

1.5 Noise in Zoom ADC

2 Zoom ADC Temperature Sensor

2.1 Temperature Sensors

2.2 Algorithm

3 Results

4 Conclusion

References

33 A Compact Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for WiMAX Application

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Design

3 Results

4 Conclusion

References

34 Low-Power Adiabatic Logic––Design and Implementation in 32-Nanometer Multigate Technology

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 FinFET-Based Adiabatic NAND Structure

3 Proposed Leakage Reduction Techniques for the Adiabatic Logic

4 Proposed Technique

5 Simulation Results

6 Conclusions

References

35 Design of Low-Power Binary Content Addressable Memory for Future Nanotechnologies

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Need for Low Power

3 Existing Binary CAM

4 Proposed Binary CAM

4.1 Leakage Power Control in Proposed Binary CAM

5 Simulation Results

6 Conclusion

References

36 Cross Talk Delay Reduction in System on Chip

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Inductive Cross Talk

1.2 Electrostatic Cross talk (Capacitive Coupling)

1.3 Setup and Hold Violations are Caused by Cross talk in System on Chip Designs

1.3.1 Setup Violations

1.3.2 Hold Violations

1.3.3 Bus Violations

2 SOC for Consideration of Cross Talk and Noise Analysis

2.1 I2c

2.2 I2s

2.3 UART 

2.4 SPI

2.5 Bus Bridge

2.6 Ethernet

3 Methodology

3.1 Cross Talk Coupling with STA

3.2 Identify Aggressor and Victim

3.3 Filter Static Paths and Clock Isolation

3.4 Aggressor and Victim Re-route Mechanism

3.5 Victim Resizing and Splitting

3.6 Bus Shielding

4 Result

4.1 Cross Talk Violations Comparison in SOC Between Traditional and Proposed Schemes

5 Conclusion

References

37 Design and Simulation of Boost Converter for Correction of Power Factor and THD Reduction

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Boost Converter

2.1 Design of Inductor

2.2 Design of Capacitor

3 Nonlinear Loads and Power Factor Correction

3.1 Power Factor Correction

3.2 Hysteresis Current Control Technique

4 PID Controller

5 Simulations and Results

5.1 Simulation Without Boost Converter

5.2 Simulation with Boost Converter

5.3 Comparison of Results With and Without Control Technique

6 Conclusions

References

38 Design and Simulation of High-Performance 2D Convolution Architecture

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Design

2.1 Background

2.2 Architecture

2.3 Design Challenges and Fixes

3 Performance Analysis

4 Conclusion

References

39 CRC-Based Hardware Trojan Detection for Improved Hardware Security

Abstract

1 Introduction

1.1 Simple Majority Voting

1.2 Weighted Voting

1.3 Weighted Voting

2 Methodology

2.1 Outline of Weighted Voting Algorithm

2.2 Modified-Weighted Voting Algorithm

2.3 Incorporating CRC in Trojan Detection

3 Implementation and Result Analysis

4 Conclusion

References

40 A EHO-Based Clustering and Routing Technique for Lifetime Enhancement of Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Related Work

3 Proposed Work

4 Results

5 Conclusions

References

841 Joint Multiview Video Plus Depth Coding with Saliency Approach

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Problem Definition

3 Proposed Approach

3.1 Depth Map

3.2 Saliency Approach

3.3 Feature Extraction

4 Methodology

5 Result Analysis

6 Conclusion and Future Work

References

42 Two-Stage Enhancement of Dry Fingerprint Images Using Intensity Channel Division and Estimation of Local Ridge Orientation and Frequency

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Fingerprint Enhancement

2.1 Intensity Channel Division

2.2 Estimation of Local Ridge Orientations and Frequencies

3 Minutiae Extraction

4 Evaluation of Enhancement Process Using Goodness Index

5 Simulation Results

6 Conclusion

References

43 Virtual Instrumentation-Based Malicious Circuit Detection Using Weighted Average Voting

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Detection Technique

2.1 History-Based Average-Weighted Voting Algorithm

2.2 Flow of Algorithm

2.3 Pseudocode

3 Results

4 Conclusion

References

44 High-Performance Video Retrieval Based on Spatio-Temporal Features

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 The Proposed System

2.1 Feature Extraction

2.2 Step-by-Step Implementation of CBVR System

3 Experimental Results

4 Conclusion

References

45 Performance Comparison of Commercially Available RF Analog and Mixed Signal Simulation Tools Using Benchmark Circuits

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Basics of Reviewed Simulators

2.1 Cadence Spectre

2.2 Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS)

2.3 Keysight GoldenGate

2.4 Analog FastSPICE (AFS)

3 Circuits Used for Performance Comparison

3.1 Cross-Coupled LC VCO

3.2 CMOS Ring Oscillator

4 Conclusion

References

46 DWT-PCA Image Fusion Technique to Improve Segmentation Accuracy in Brain Tumor Analysis

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methodology

2.1 Image Fusion

2.2 Social Group Optimization Assisted Shannon’s Thresholding

2.3 Watershed Segmentation

2.4 Performance Evaluation

3 Result and Discussion

4 Conclusion

47 Hybridization of PSO and Anisotropic Diffusion in Denoising the Images

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Anisotropic Diffusion

3 Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization

3.1 Selection of Parameters for PSO

4 Proposed Solution

5 Experimental Results

6 Conclusion

48 Impact of Deep Learning in Image Processing and Computer Vision

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Representation Learning

3 Recent Deep Learning Application Areas

3.1 Vehicle Localization from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

3.2 Retinal Image Understanding

3.3 Dense Image Captioning for Scene Understanding

4 Shifting Trends—Classical Approaches to Deep Learning

4.1 Handcrafted Gabor Filters to Learning Feature Representation

4.2 K-Means Clustering to K-Means Dictionary Feature Learning

5 Conclusions

References

49 Study of Very Fast Front Surges in Gas Insulated Substation Due to Switching Operation

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Very Fast Transient Overvoltages (Vfto) in GIS

3 Modeling of GIS Components for VFTO Simulations in EMTP Software

3.1 GIS Bus Section

3.2 Disconnector

3.3 Spark in Disconnector

3.4 Circuit Breaker

4 Simulation Results

5 Conclusion

References

Fuzzy Logic Based Speech Recognition and Gender Classification

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Fuzzy Model

3 Generation of Fuzzy Rules

4 Calculation of Output

5 Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS)

6 Conclusion

References

51 Slot Positioning on Microstrip Antenna Using Parametric Analysis

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Basic Microstrip Design

3 Positioning the Slots by Using Parametric Analysis

3.1 Positioning the First Slot

3.2 Positioning the Second Slot

3.3 Positioning the Third Slot

4 Conclusion

References

52 Object Removal Using Median Filter in Wavelet Domain

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Literature Survey

3 Median Filter

4 Two-Dimensional Wavelet Transform

5 Algorithm

6 Results and Discussion

7 Conclusion

References

53 An FPGA-Based Classical Implementation of Branch and Remove Algorithm

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Related Work

2.1 Dynamic Node Position Estimation

3 Implementation Strategy

3.1 Algorithm Description

3.2 FPGA Implementation

3.3 Algorithm for Dynamic Path Estimation

4 Dynamic Node Location Estimation

4.1 Node’s Dynamic Location Estimation Through SVM

5 Simulation Results

5.1 FPGA Simulation Results

5.2 Support Vector Machine Simulation Results

6 Conclusion

References

54 A Novel Fractal Stacked Inductor Using Modified Hilbert Space Filling Curve for RFICs

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Construction of Modified Hilbert Space Filling Curve

3 Fractal Stacked Inductor Using Modified Hilbert Curve

4 Results and Discussion

4.1 Impact of Modified Architecture

5 Conclusions

References

55 An Approach to Parallel Transformation Technique for High-Efficiency Video Coding

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Parallel Transformation Model Based HEVC

3 Implementation of Proposed Technique

4 Results and Discussions

5 Conclusions

References

56 On the Implementation of VLSI Architecture of FM0/Manchester Encoding and Differential Manchester Coding for Short-Range Communications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Hardware Architecture for Fm0 and Manchester

2.1 SOLS Technique

2.2 Area Compact Retiming

2.3 Balance Logic Operation Sharing

3 Differential Manchester Encoding

4 Analysis of Experimental Results

5 Conclusion

References

57 Dual-Band-Notched CPW-Fed Antennas with WiMAX/WLAN Rejection for UWB Communication

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Design and Geometry

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

58 A Frequency Reconfigurable Spiral F-Shaped Antenna for Multiple Mobile Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Design and Geometry

3 Design Analysis

4 Results and Discussion

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

59 Octagonal Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Geometry

3 Methodology

4 Results and Analysis

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

60 Cylindrical Structured Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Dielectric Resonator Antenna

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Geometry and Design

3 Simulated Results and Discussion

4 Parametric Analysis

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

61 Multiband Semicircular Planar Monopole Antenna with Spiral Artificial Magnetic Conductor

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Geometry and Design

3 Simulated Results and Discussion

4 Effect of Varying the Position of the Shorting Strips on AMC

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

62 Implanted Antennas Inside the Human Body: Design, Simulations, and Fabrication

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Design of the Proposed Antenna

3 Simulation, Results, and Discussion

4 Conclusion

63 Fusion of Wireless Sensor Images Using Improved Harmony Search Algorithm with Perturbation Strategy and Elite Opposition Based Learning

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Discussion About the Image Fusion Algorithm for WSN

3 IHSA with Perturbation Strategy and Elite Opposition Based Learning

3.1 Perturbation Strategy

3.2 Elite Opposition Based Learning

4 Proposed Image Fusion Using Multi-thresholding and IHSPS

5 Simulation Results and Analysis

5.1 Qualitative Analysis

5.2 Quantitative Analysis

6 Conclusion

References

64 A Review of Radio Frequency MEMS Phase Shifters

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 MEMS Phase Shifters

3 Phase Shifter Library

4 Conclusion

65 Impact Analysis of Blackhole, Flooding, and Grayhole Attacks and Security Enhancements in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using SHA3 Algorithm

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Security Attacks and Related Work

3 Proposed Algorithm to Improve Security in MANET

4 Simulation and Result Analysis

5 Conclusion

References

66 Energy-Efficient and High-Speed Hybrid 1-Bit Full Adder

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Details of Adder Structure

2.1 Module 1

2.2 Module 3

3 Check Pattern Setup for Adder Structure

4 Execution Analysis of the Adder

4.1 Power Consumption

4.2 Delay

5 Implementation of 32-Bit Adder Structure

6 Conclusion

References

67 A Nonvolatile LUT Based on RRAM

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed NVLUT Based on RRAM

2.1 Single Stage Sense Amplifier Voltage Clamp (SSAVC)

2.2 Tree Multiplexer (TMUX)

2.3 Matched Reference Path (MRP)

2.4 RRAM Slice (Resistive Random Access Memory)

2.5 Footer Transistor

3 Simulation Results

4 Conclusion

References

68 Micro-strip Feed Reconfigurable Antenna for Wideband Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Structure

3 Results and Analysis

4 Conclusion

References

69 High Performance and Flexible Data Path Architecture for DSP Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Flexible Data Path Architecture

3 Flexible Computational Unit (FCU)

4 Experimental Results

5 Conclusion

References

70 Ultralow Power 8T Subthreshold SRAM Cell

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Subthreshold 8T SRAM Cell Implementation

2.1 Write Operation

2.2 Read Operation

2.3 Hold Operation

3 Monte Carlo Simulation

3.1 Write Static Noise Margin (WSNM)

3.2 Read Static Noise Margin (RSNM)

3.3 Hold Static Noise Margin (HSNM)

4 Cell Layout

5 Conclusion

References

71 Double-Supply Voltage Level Shifter with an Auxiliary Circuit for High-Speed Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Review of the Classical Architectures

3 High-Speed Voltage Level Shifter

4 High-Speed Voltage Level Shifter with Auxiliary Circuit

5 Simulation Results

6 Conclusion

References

72 Design and Analysis of Compatible Embedded Antenna for Mini Satellites

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Literature Survey

3 Designing

4 Simulation Results

4.1 Simulation Result of Square Patch Antenna (SPA) with Defected Ground

4.2 Simulation Result of Half Bow Tie (HBT) Antenna with Defected Ground

4.3 Simulation Result of Full Bow Tie (FBT) with Defected Ground

5 Conclusion

References

73 Power Optimized FFT Architecture to Process Twin Data Streams Using Modified Booth Encoding

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Distinct Levels of Operation of MDC FFT Architecture

3 Proposed Architecture RADIX-8 Modified Booth Multiplier

3.1 Sign Extension Corrector

4 Simulation Results

5 Conclusion

References

74 Design of Thinned Rhombic Fractal Array Antenna Using GA and PSO Optimization Techniques for Space and Advanced Wireless Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Optimization Techniques for the Thinning of Proposed Fractal Arrays

2.1 GA Technique

2.2 PSO Technique

3 Array Factor Equations of Rhombic Fractal Array Antenna

4 Results and Discussion

5 Conclusions

References

75 Design and Analysis of Single Precision Floating Point Multiplication with Vedic Mathematics Using Different Techniques

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Different Floating Point Multipliers

2.1 FP Multiplication Using Existing Multipliers

2.2 Summarized Existing Work

3 Proposed Work

3.1 Floating Multiplication Using Proposed Techniques

4 Simulation Results

4.1 Multiplexer-Based Floating Point Multiplication Using Vedic Multiplier

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

76 Weighted Averaging SWT Technique for Enhanced Image Fusion in X-ray Mammography

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Image Fusion Using Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT)

2.1 Stationary Wavelet Transforms

3 Implementation

4 Image Quality Parameters

5 Results

6 Conclusion

References

77 The Reconfigurable Multi-ASIP Architecture for Turbo Decoding

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Reconfigurable UDec Architecture

3 Flexible UDec Platform

3.1 Ring Buses Dynamic Adaptation Examples

3.2 Butterfly NoCs Adaptation

4 Experimental Results

5 Conclusion

References

78 Adaptive Beam Steering of Smart Linear Array Using LMS and RLS Algorithms

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 LMS and RLS Algorithms

2.1 Least Mean Square (LMS) Algorithm

2.2 Recursive Least Mean Square (RLS) Algorithm

3 Results and Discussions

3.1 Results Obtained Using LMS Algorithm

3.2 Results Obtained Using RLS Algorithm

4 Conclusion

References

79 A Level Cross-Based Nonuniform Sampling for Mobile Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Literature Survey

3 Nonuniform Sampling-Level Cross Sampling

3.1 LCSS-Based ADC

3.2 Activity Selection Method

4 Simulation Results and Discussions

5 Conclusion

References

80 SIW-Based Different Anchor-Shaped Slot Antennas for 60 GHz Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 SIW Design

3 Proposed Antenna Structure

4 Results and Analysis

5 Conclusion

References

81 Microstrip Feed Dumbbell-Shaped Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Antenna Structure

3 Results and Analysis

4 Conclusion

References

82 Arc-Shaped Monopole Liquid-Crystal Polymer Antenna for Triple-Band Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Development of the Proposed Antenna

3 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

83 Design and Characterization of an ASIC Standard Cell Library Industry–Academia Chip Collaborative Project

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Standard Cell Library Design Flow

3 Specifications of Standard Cell Library

3.1 Design Characteristics of Standard Cell

3.2 Standard Cell Layout Guide Lines

4 Standard Cell Characterization

4.1 CMOS Inverter

4.2 Layout Representation

5 Conclusion

References

84 Design and Characterization of 6T SRAM Cell Industry-Academia Collaborative Chip Design Project

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Operation of 6T SRAM Memory Cell

2.1 Read Operation

2.2 Write Operation

3 Characterization of SRAM Cell

3.1 Analytical-Based Approach to Determine SNM of a 6T SRAM Cell

3.2 Simulation-Based Approach to Determine SNM of an SRAM Cell

4 Simulation Plan and Analysis

4.1 Technology Parameters and CAD Tools

5 Conclusion

References

85 Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Time–Frequency Analysis and Modulation Recognition

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Signal Analysis with Modified S-Transform (MST)

3 Spectrum Sensing Using Modulation Detection

4 Simulation Results and Discussions

5 Conclusion

References

86 Synthesis of Linear Antenna Array Using Cuckoo Search and Accelerated Particle Swarm Algorithms

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Array Formulation and Fitness Calculation

2.1 Linear Array

3 Optimization Techniques

3.1 Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA)

3.2 Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization

4 Results

5 Conclusion

References

87 A New VLSI Architecture for Skin Tone Detection in an Uncontrolled Background

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Theory and Algorithm

2.1 Color Space for Face Detection

2.2 YCrCb Color Model

2.3 Nonlinear Transformation and Skin Model

3 Implementation

3.1 Hardware Architecture of Skin Tone Detector

4 Experimental Results

5 Conclusion

Declaration

References

88 Efficiently Secure Data Privacy on Hybrid Cloud Using Novel Image Scrambling and Modified SPIHT

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Proposed Technique

2.1 Modifying Image

2.2 Random Shuffling of the Blocks

2.3 Recovering Images

3 SPIHT Algorithm

4 Experimental Analysis

5 Conclusion

References

89 Performance Analysis of Reconfigurable Antenna with Notch Band Characteristics

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Geometry of Proposed Antenna

3 Simulation and Operation

4 Results and Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

90 Circular Array Synthesis Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Formulation of the Design Problem

2.1 Array Factor Formulation

2.2 Fitness Formulation

3 Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA)

4 Results and Discussions

4.1 Unscanned Patterns

4.2 15° Scanned Patterns

5 Conclusion

References

91 Conformal Antennas—A Short Survey

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Conformal Antenna Arrays

2.1 Conformal Antennas on Singly Curved Surfaces (SCS)

2.2 Conformal Antennas on Doubly Curved Surfaces

3 Advantages and Disadvantages

4 Conformal Microstrip Antenna Array

5 Conclusion

92 Internet Security—A Brief Review

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Internet Security

3 Issues and Solutions

4 Integrated Solution

5 Conclusion

References

93 Antenna Array Synthesis Using Social Group Optimization

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Array Optimization Problem

3 Formulation

3.1 Array Factor Formulation

3.2 Fitness Function Formulation

4 Sociall Group Optimization

4.1 Brief Introduction

4.2 Implementation of the SGOA for CAA Synthesis

5 Results

6 Conclusion

References

94 On the Design of Fractal UWB Wide-Slot Antenna with Notch Band Characteristics

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Antenna Geometry and Design

3 Simulation Results and Discussions

4 Conclusion

References

Author Index